The Dye Tracing Pages

Karst Investigation to Determine Site Hydrogeology at a Former Industrial Waste Landfill in Central Kentucky

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

Solid waste was placed into three sinkholes being used as an industrial landfill.

SPECIFICS OF PROJECT

Dye tracing and mapping of the geology were used to determine groundwater flow. Work began in December 1994 and was completed in November 1995.

SITE DESCRIPTION AND SCOPE OF WORK

From 1969 to 1977 a company operated a 10-acre landfill. The landfill consisted of five sinkholes. Three of these sinkholes were used for industrial waste. A karst hydrogeologic inventory was performed over a 25 square mile area, a matrix interference investigation was performed, and a background analysis was performed previous to dye selection and injection. Twelve piezometers were installed and the potentiometric surface of the uppermost aquifer was mapped. Three dyes were injected directly into the waste at the industrial landfill. The trace proved that the groundwater flow was to a spring located on private property and not to the local water supply as hypothesized by the State and U.S. Geological Survey.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The karst investigation and dye tracer study revealed slow diffuse flow through the landfill material and regolith and rapid turbulent flow through the bedrock in karst-conduits to springs. A conceptual model of the hydrogeology of the site was prepared for a Risk Assessment prepared by Shield Environmental. The research by Crawford and Associates, Inc. revealed that the bottom of the waste was above the water table and that a cap over the landfill was the best solution to the problem.


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